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Hugh Boyd M‘Neile〔"M‘Neile", which was M‘Neile's preferred orthography, with conventional inverted comma, like a filled in "6"; not "M’Neile" with erect comma like a filled in "9". Despite the modern belief that "Mac" and "Mc" indicate names of Scottish and Irish origin respectively, "M‘Neile", "McNeile" and "MacNeile" were 100% equal in M‘Neile’s time. In some places his family name is given as "MacNeile", "Mac Neile" or "McNeile".〕 (18 July 1795 – 28 January 1879) was a well-connected and controversial Irish-born Calvinist Anglican of Scottish descent.〔M‘Neile was descended from Scots who came to Ireland in 1610, with Randal MacDonnell (?-1636), First Earl of Antrim, to settle in King James I’s Plantation of Ulster (''Dublin University Magazine'', 1847, p. 462).〕 Fiercely anti-Tractarian and anti-Roman Catholic (and, even more so, anti-Anglo-Catholic) and an Evangelical and millenarian cleric,〔In 1838, Mourant Brock (1802-1856) had estimated that there were at least seven hundred of the English clergy were pre-milenialists (''Advent Tracts'', Vol. II, (1844), p.135); and, in 1855, "a commentator in the ''British and Foreign Evangelical Review'' … estimated that more than half of the evangelicals in the church favored millenarian views" (Sandeen, E.R., ''The Roots of Fundamentalism: British and American Millenarianism, 1800-1930'', University of Chicago Press, p.40)〕 who was also a devoted advocate of the year-for-a-day principle, M‘Neile was the perpetual curate of St Jude’s Liverpool (1834-1848), the perpetual curate of St Paul’s Princes Park (1848-1867), an honorary canon of Chester Cathedral (1845-1868) and the Dean of Ripon (1868-1875). He was a member of the Protestant Association (in its 19th century incarnation),〔The Protestant Association had been inactive since the time of the "No Popery" Gordon Riots of 1780. This unrest, fomented by Lord George Gordon (1751–1793), was directed against the Irish in general, Roman Catholics in particular, the Government in general and, most particularly the Lord Chief Justice William Murray (1705-1793). The riots were in reaction to the passing of the first “Catholic Relief Act”, the Papists Act (1788), that had attenuated some of the restrictions of the Popery Act (1698). The riots involved up to 60,000 people and resulted in widespread looting, significant destruction of churches and other property, including the private residence of the Lord Chief Justice, and many deaths. Ironically, Gordon later converted to Judaism (in 1787), adopting the name Israel Abraham George Gordon and remained a devout Jew for the remainder of his life.〕〔Inactive since Lord George Gordon’s "No Popery" riots in London in 1780, the Protestant Association re-emerged as an active force in 1835. M’Neile, one of its most active clerical participants, founded its Liverpool branch in 1837 or 1838 (Paz, 1992, p. 200).〕 the London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews,〔The Society, founded in 1809, emerged from a committee formed by the London Missionary Society two years earlier, in 1807, to work exclusively amongst London’s Jews. M‘Neile delivered the society’s annual sermon in both 1826 and 1846, as well as publishing a number of lectures and sermons related to Jews and Jewish matters: e.g., his ''Popular Lectures on the Prophecies Relative to the Jewish Nation (1830)'', revised and reissued as ''Prospects of the Jews; or, Popular Lectures on the Prophecies Relative to the Jewish Nation (1840)''. A letter written to his future wife (on 28 September 1841), by William Ballantyne Hodgson (1815-1880), describes M‘Neile’s position: :"Bigotry, encouraged by the want of opposition, speaks out more and more boldly (in Liverpool ). "Every Jew, dying as a Jew, is irretrievably lost", said the Rev. Hugh McNeile the other day; "it is godlike love to tell them of their miserable condition; godless liberalism to conceal it from them". The tyranny of the priesthood is said to be great in Scotland, but really I think it is much worse here." (Meiklejohn, 1883, p.36).〕 the Irish Society,〔The Irish Society for Promoting the Scriptural Education and Religious Instruction of Irish Roman Catholics, Chiefly Through the Medium of Their Own Language. According to an advertisement placed by the Society in the end papers of Crockford (1868), the Society was established in 1818 and, in 1868, M‘Neile was one of its Vice Presidents.〕 the Church Missionary Society, and the Church Association.〔Scotland (1997): "The Church Association … formed in 1865 … had as one of its avowed aims to fight ritualism in the courts by means of legal action. Many, such as Lord Shaftesbury, who had tried to introduce various bills into Parliament to curb ritualism were growing frustrated at their inability to do anything. The Church Association had a number of influential members including the Rev Dr William Wilson (Vicar of Holy Rood, Southampton), brother-in-law to the Bishop of Winchester. Canon Champneys, who was made Dean of Lichfield … (M‘Neile ). "The purpose of the Association was "to uphold the doctrines, principles, and order of the United Church of England and Ireland, and to counteract the efforts now being made to pervert her teaching on essential points of Christian faith, or to assimilate the services to those of the Church of Rome, and to further encourage concerted action for the advancement and progress of spiritual religion". "The Church Association () to effect these objects by publicity through lectures, meetings, and the use of the Press, by Appeals to the Courts of Law...’ in an effort to secure episcopal and other authoritative suppression of ceremonies, vestments and ornaments which had departed from the Church at the time of the Reformation."〕 M‘Neile was an influential, well-connected demagogue, a renowned public speaker, an evangelical cleric and a relentless opponent of “Popery”,〔"It is our intention to call the religion of the Church of Rome by the name of ''Popery'', or ''Romanism'', and not of Catholicism, and to designate the subjects of the Pope as ''Papists'', or ''Romanists'', and not as Catholics. As we reckon this a topic of some importance, and as it is one on which Papists are much in the habit of complaining and declaiming, we think it proper to explain, once for all, the grounds of the course we mean to pursue in this matter. The adherents of the Church of Rome always call themselves ''Catholics'', and refuse this designation to all other professing Christians, while they resent it as an insult and an injury when they are styled ''Papists'' or ''Romanists''. The grounds of the course we mean to follow in this matter of names may be embodied in these two positions:—1st, The adherents of the Church of Rome have no right to the designation of Catholics, they insult and injure Protestants by assuming it, and therefore it ought never to be conceded to them; and, 2d, Protestants do not insult and injure the adherents of the Church of Rome by calling them Papists or Romanists, but, on the contrary, employ, in doing so, a perfectly just, fair, and accurate designation…" (p. 22, ("On the Use of the Names "Popery", and "Romanism", and "Papist" and "Romanist"", ''The Bulwark or, Reformation Journal: In Defence of the True Interests of Man and of Society, Especially in Reference to the Religious, Social and Political Bearings of Popery'', Vol. 1, No. 2 (August 1851), pp. 22-25. )〕 who was permanently inflamed by the ever increasing number of Irish Roman Catholics in Liverpool.〔In a private letter to Queen Victoria in 1869, advocating M‘Neile’s elevation to Dean of Ripon, Benjamin Disraeli, mentioned that "() is a great orator, and one of those whose words, at periods of national excitement, influence opinion". The response, written on the Queen’s behalf, by Major General Sir Thomas Myddleton Biddulph, the joint Keeper of the Privy Purse, spoke directly of the Queen’s reluctance: "However great Dr. McNeile's attainments may be, and however distinguished he may be as speaker, the Queen believes he has chiefly rendered himself conspicuous by his hostility to the Roman Catholic Church. The Queen would ask whether his appointment is not likely to stir up a considerable amount of ill-feeling among the Roman Catholics, and in the minds of those who sympathise with them …" (Buckle (1926a), pp.533-534).〕 He was infamous for his stirring oratory, his immoderate preaching, his prolific publications,〔Whilst none of them are considered to have even the slightest theological value today, more than 100 of his works are listed at List of works by Hugh Boyd M‘Neile.〕 and his inability to accurately construe the meaning of the scripture upon which his diatribes were based (see below). He was just as deeply loved, admired and respected by some,〔"Unquestionably the greatest Evangelical preacher and speaker in the Church of England during this century" (Stock, 1899, p.376); "universally known… as one of the most powerful instruments ever raised up to arm the church in troublous days… No man living has been so grossly, so impudently, calumniated in the face of all evidence; no man is so notoriously dreaded by the workers of seditious evil in church and state; and perhaps no man on earth is so ardently, so extensively loved by all classes of right-minded people." (("Charlotte Elizabeth", (1840), p.143. ))〕 as he was an object of derision and scorn for others.〔“A bold bad Irishman”; “this politico-religious firebrand”; “the factitious bigotry (by ) this dangerous man” (Thomas Earnshaw Bradley (1820-1866) in Bradley, 1852, p.393). “Probably the most eloquent, the most able and the most consistent religious agitator of his day” (James Murphy, 1959, p.51). “A bigoted divine, who enjoys unfortunately a very extensive popularity” ((William North (1825-1854), 1845, I, p.174. )).〕 ==Family == Hugh Boyd M‘Neile, the younger son of Alexander M'Neile (1795-1830) and Mary M'Neile, née McNeale (?-1852), was born at Ballycastle, County Antrim on 17 July 1795, just three years before the Irish Rebellion of 1798; and, in 1798, M‘Neile was taken by his mother from Ballycastle to relatives in Scotland, in an open boat, to escape the dangers and atrocities of “the troubles” associated with the Irish Rebellion (Boyd, 1968). M‘Neile's father owned considerable property (including the large farm at Collier’s Hall), was a Justice of the Peace and served as the High Sheriff of the County of Antrim.〔In the latter part of the 1870s the Revd Hugh M‘Neile of Ripon was registered as owning 699 acres in County Antrim, Ireland.〕 His father's brother, John M‘Neile (1788-1855), having made his fortune in South America, returned to Ireland and was one of the founding members of the Northern Bank, the first bank in Belfast. John M‘Neile married Charlotte Lavinia Dallas (1803-1859) on 11 June 1823 and had two sons, Henry Hugh (1829-?) and Alexander John (1842-?) and one daughter, Mary Harriet (1833-1919), who married Hugh McCalmont Cairns (1810–1885), the First Earl Cairns, who served as Attorney General in the third Derby ministry (10 July 1866 – 29 October 1866), as Lord Chancellor in the first and second Disraeli ministries,〔He served from February to December 1868 and February 1874 to April 1880 respectively. It was during this time that he exerted sufficient pressure on the Prime Minister, Benjamin D'Israeli (1804–1881), to have his uncle-by-marriage, Hugh M‘Neile, appointed as Dean of Ripon and his nephew, William Connor Magee (1821-1891), appointed as to Bishop of Peterborough.〕 and as (opposition) Conservative Leader in the House of Lords (1869-1870). M‘Neile was 6 ft 3in tall (190 cm), extremely strong, intelligent, a good horseman and considered by most to be extremely handsome.〔An American travel writer, David W. Bartlett (1828-1912), described M‘Neile, then in his 50s, as follows: "In the pulpit he looks more like a son of Vulcan than a minister of the Prince of Peace, and one is reminded while looking at him of the celebrated Methodist Minister, Peter Cartwright, of Illinois, who often left his pulpit to silence disturbances with his brawny fists. When () rises to speak, you are awed by his powerful physical appearance; he is tall and stout, with broad shoulders and muscular arms, while his great, sloping forehead, white as snow, contrasts finely with his dark hair. His eyes are expressive of genius, while his whole face has the look of a man whom all the powers of Europe could not drive from a position he had taken conscientiously." (Bartlett (1853, pp.275-276). (Peter Cartwright (1785-1872), was a tough, menacing, travelling Methodist Episcopal Church Minister, "The Backwoods Preacher", renowned for his physical strength and aggression, who operated over vast frontier areas in Kentucky and Tennessee, before moving to Illinois in 1824.)〕 In 1822 M‘Neile married Anne Magee (1803-1881), the fourth daughter of William Magee (1766–1831), the Archbishop of Dublin.〔William Magee, who was strongly anti-Catholic, was Assistant Professor of Oriental Tongues (1800-1806) and Professor of Mathematics at Trinity College, Dublin (1806-1812), the Church of Ireland’s Dean of Cork (1813-1819), Bishop of Raphoe (1819-1822) and Archbishop of Dublin (1822-1831). His grandson (also M‘Neile’s nephew), William Connor Magee (1821-1891), was appointed Bishop of Peterborough by Disraeli in 1868; he served until 1891 when he was appointed as Archbishop of York, dying four months later.〕 They had sixteen children (four of whom died early in life): three daughters, two of whom remained unmarried, and thirteen sons.〔McDonnell (2005).〕 As a testament to his influence, a number of his children went on to have distinguished careers, including: *Alexander M‘Neile (1823-1912) *Colonel William M‘Neile (1824–1870), Commissioner of Punjab. *Elizabeth M‘Neile (1827–1910) *Hugh M‘Neile (1828–1842), who was killed, aged 14, in an accident with a loaded pistol. *Mary M‘Neile (1831– ?) *Daniel James M‘Neile (1835–1874), of the Bengal Civil Service.〔He married Julia Savage in 1869. They had three children. Whilst on twelve months’ home leave with his family, staying with his father at Ripon, he went fishing in the river Ure on the morning of 31 August 1874 near West Tanfield. Whilst he was in the river fishing the level of the river suddenly rose some four feet and he was swept away. Despite extensive searches along the river, his body was not found until twelve days later, floating face up in the river near Boroughbridge.〕 *John Magee M‘Neile (1837–1898) *Anne M‘Neile (1838–?) *The Revd Edmund Hugh M‘Neile (1840–1893), an honorary canon of Liverpool (1880-1893), also served at St Paul’s, Prince’s Park, Liverpool (1867-1893) and as chaplain to the Bishop of Chester (1877-1884). He married Cecilia Elizabeth (1841-1929), daughter of Sir Thomas Francis Fremantle, Lord Cottesloe (1798-1890). *Charles M‘Neile (1841–1925) *The Revd Hector M‘Neile (1843–1922), a fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge (1865-1871), the vicar of Bredbury, Cheshire (1893-1900), a missionary of the Church Missionary Society in Bombay (1900-1907) and vicar of Bishop’s Sutton, Hampshire (1907-1922). He married Mary Rosa Lush. One of his three sons, the Revd Robert Fergus M‘Neile, and two of his daughters, Annie Hilda M‘Neile and Jessie Margaret M‘Neile, served as missionaries in Egypt and Palestine. His third daughter, Ethel Rhoda M‘Neile (1875-1922), served as a missionary in India.〔Ethel became the headmistress of the CMS School in Agra in 1912. Having spent some time in England, Ethel was returning to India on the British P & O steamer ''S.S. Egypt''. On the evening of 20 May 1922, near Ushant, off the coast of Brittany, in a heavy sea fog, the ''S.S. Egypt'', en route to Bombay, with 38 passengers and 290 crew, was rammed at 7:30PM, whilst many of the passengers were still on deck, the dinner gong having just sounded, sliced in two, and sunk by the French cargo steamer ''Seine''. 98 died and 230 were saved. According to the ''New York Times'' of 22 May 1922, whilst there were more than enough lifeboats for all to safely leave the ship, the majority of the lascar (Indian) crew had taken to the lifeboats immediately. This meant that there was not enough lifeboat-launching manpower left on deck. Ethel refused to enter a lifeboat, giving her seat to a woman whose children would have been orphaned and, kneeling on the deck in prayer, she went down with the ship; she was one of the 10 passengers and 88 crew that perished. A memorial to her is inscribed on her father’s grave in the churchyard of St Nicholas’ Church, Bishop’s Sutton.〕 *Captain Malcolm M‘Neile (1845–1923), R.N., Governor, Royal Naval Prison at Lewes.〔He married Christiana Mary Sloggett on 28 July 1870 in the Cathedral at Ripon, with his father officiating, and his brother Ernest assisting. Father of Lieutenant Malcolm Douglas McNeile, R.N. (1880-?), Minnie Mabel Barkworth, M.B.E. (1871-1898), and Lieutenant-Colonel Herman Cyril McNeile (1888-1937) who, with the pen-name "Sapper", was possibly the most popular English author in the 1930s.〕 *Norman Frederick M‘Neile (1846–1929), Known as "the blind vicar", he was born on 14 August 1846 and served at St Peter’s Brafferton Parish Church in Helperby, Yorkshire for 50 years. Married to Clara Cecilia Willink (1852-1929) in July 1881. He was completely blind from the age of 12.〔He had been taught by the Revd Robert Hugh Blair, Rector of St Michael’s, Worcester, first at a Liverpool school and later at The King’s School, Worcester. It was Blair who founded the Worcester College for the Blind Sons of Gentlemen in 1866 (the first such public school in England, as distinct from earlier vocational and industrial training establishments), under the auspices of the Bishop of Worcester, where M‘Neile would go for assistance with his studies at Trinity College, Dublin and for additional coaching and preparation on each of his vacations between 1867 and 1871 (Bell, 1967, p.16). He received his B.A. in 1868, and M.A. in 1871. He had been trained to read the services from a special prayer book, created for him by Blair, that had raised print on each page ("Personal", ''Oswego Daily Palladium'', 15 June 1876).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hugh M‘Neile」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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